Abstract

This theory posits that extreme wave compression in a primordial “zero-state” triggered the Big Bang, converting wave energy into matter, plasma, and spacetime.

Core Principles

Wave-Energy Equivalence

• Fundamental Principle: The theory rests on the fundamental principle of wave-energy equivalence, a cornerstone of modern physics. This principle, exemplified by Einstein’s famous equation:
  • E = mc²
    • where E is energy, m is mass, and c is the speed of light, demonstrates the inherent interconvertibility of energy and matter.
• Energy Density: The energy contained within a wave is directly related to its amplitude and frequency. As waves are compressed into a smaller space, their energy density increases dramatically.
  • Example: In electromagnetic waves, higher frequencies (shorter wavelengths) correspond to higher energy levels. This can be described by the equation for the energy of a photon:
    • E = hf
      • where E is the energy of the photon, h is Planck’s constant (6.626 x 10^-34 J·s), and f is the frequency of the wave.
• Compression and Thresholds:
  • Pair Production: When the energy density of a wave reaches a critical threshold, it can lead to the creation of particle-antiparticle pairs. For instance, high-energy photons (electromagnetic waves) can collide and produce electron-positron pairs (e- + e+).
  • Matter-Antimatter Creation: This process, known as pair production, demonstrates how wave energy can be directly converted into matter. The threshold energy for electron-positron pair production can be calculated as:
    • E = 2mc²
      • where ‘m’ is the mass of an electron (9.109 x 10^-31 kg).
    • Output: E = 2 * (9.109 x 10^-31 kg) * (3 x 10^8 m/s)² E ≈ 1.638 x 10^-13 Joules

Primordial Zero-State

Symmetry Breaking: This extreme energy density could have led to the spontaneous creation of matter and antimatter particles in vast quantities, breaking the initial symmetry of the zero-state.

Pre-Big Bang: Before the Big Bang, the universe may have existed in a state of dynamic equilibrium, a “zero-state” characterized by a delicate balance of opposing forces. This zero-state, though devoid of observable matter, was not empty. It was filled with fluctuating quantum fields, representing the potential for existence.

Matter-Antimatter Waves: Within this zero-state, we propose the existence of primordial waves representing matter and antimatter. These waves, though balanced, existed in a state of dynamic tension, their energies constantly fluctuating.

Symmetry Breaking via Wave Interference: Quantum fluctuations within this zero-state would have led to localized regions of increased wave density. When waves representing matter and antimatter interacted in these regions of high density, their interference patterns could have triggered a cascade of events:

Constructive Interference: In some regions, constructive interference could have amplified the energy density of the waves beyond critical thresholds.

By incorporating key mathematical concepts such as wave-energy equivalence, pair production thresholds, and the principles of quantum field theory, this model offers a more quantitative and rigorous approach to exploring the origins of our cosmos.

Mathematical Formulations

Wavefunction Collapse to Matter

• Quantum Field Theory: The creation of particles from wave energy can be described within the framework of quantum field theory.
• Wavefunction Collapse: The process of wavefunction collapse, a central concept in quantum mechanics, can be adapted to describe the transition from wave energy to particle creation. When the energy density of a wave exceeds a critical threshold, the wavefunction “collapses,” giving rise to a localized particle.
• Mathematical Representation: This process can be modeled mathematically using techniques from quantum field theory, such as the Dirac equation for fermions (electrons, protons, etc.) and the Klein-Gordon equation for bosons (photons).

Energy Threshold for Pair Production

• Threshold Calculation: The energy threshold for pair production can be calculated using Einstein’s mass-energy equivalence (E=mc²) and the rest mass of the particles being created.
  • For electron-positron pair production:
    • E = 2mc²
      • where ‘m’ is the mass of an electron (9.109 x 10^-31 kg) and ‘c’ is the speed of light (3 x 10^8 m/s).
    • Output: E = 2 * (9.109 x 10^-31 kg) * (3 x 10^8 m/s)² E ≈ 1.638 x 10^-13 Joules
• Wave Energy: The energy of a wave can be calculated based on its frequency (or wavelength) and amplitude. For electromagnetic waves, the energy of a photon is given by: * E = hf * where ‘h’ is Planck’s constant (6.626 x 10^-34 J·s) and ‘f’ is the frequency of the wave.

Inflationary Expansion

This Lagrangian leads to equations of motion that describe the evolution of the scalar field during inflation and drive the exponential expansion of the universe.

Post-Symmetry Breaking: The creation of vast quantities of matter and antimatter would have released immense energy, driving a period of rapid, exponential expansion known as inflation.

Mathematical Model: The inflationary epoch can be described by cosmological models that incorporate an inflationary scalar field, which drives the rapid expansion of spacetime.

Scalar Field Lagrangian: The dynamics of the inflationary scalar field (ϕ) can be described by the following Lagrangian density:

Lscalar = 1/2 (∂μϕ)² – λ(ϕ² – v²)²

where ϕ is the scalar field, λ is a coupling constant, and v is the vacuum expectation value of the field.

This Lagrangian leads to equations of motion that describe the evolution of the scalar field during inflation and drive the exponential expansion of the universe.

Tests and Validations

Alignment with Wave Compression: The creation of quark-gluon plasma in these experiments provides experimental evidence for the conversion of high-energy collisions (wave interactions) into a new state of matter, aligning with the core principles of wave compression in the early universe.

CMB Anisotropies

Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB): The CMB radiation, the afterglow of the Big Bang, contains minute temperature fluctuations that reflect the initial conditions of the universe.

Planck Satellite Data: Data from the Planck satellite has provided highly precise measurements of these CMB anisotropies, which are consistent with predictions based on quantum fluctuations in the very early universe.

Connection to Wave Compression: The observed patterns in the CMB anisotropies can be interpreted as evidence for the existence of primordial waves and their role in the early universe.

Particle Accelerators

High-Energy Collisions: Experiments at particle accelerators, such as the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), recreate the conditions that existed in the early universe by colliding particles at extremely high energies.

Quark-Gluon Plasma: These collisions have produced a state of matter known as quark-gluon plasma, a hot, dense fluid where quarks and gluons are no longer confined within individual hadrons.

Conclusion

The theory of wave compression and the Big Bang provides a compelling framework for understanding the origin of the universe. By incorporating key mathematical concepts such as wave-energy equivalence, pair production thresholds, and the principles of quantum field theory, this model offers a more quantitative and rigorous approach to exploring the origins of our cosmos.

Brad Ballinger: Contact information available by request.